Roƙon aiko da Manzo

Tafsirin Shaikh Abdurrahman as-Sa'di

“Ya Ubangijinmu, ka aiko a cikinsu,” wato a cikin zuriyarmu, “wani Manzo daga cikinsu,” domin hakan ya ɗaukaka darajarsu, kuma su miƙa wuya gare shi, su kuma san shi da cikakkiyar sani. “Yana karanta musu ayoyinka” ta hanyar furta su, haddace su da haddatar da su. “Kuma yana karantar da su Littafi da hikima,” ta fuskar ma’anarsu. “Kuma yana tsarkake su” ta hanyar horar da su a kan ayyukan ƙwarai, da nisantar da su daga miyagun ayyukan da ba sa tsarkake zukata tare da su.

“Lalle Kai ne Mabuwayi,” wato Mai rinjayar komai, babu abin da zai iya ƙin ikonSa. “Mai hikima,” Wanda Yake sanya abubuwa a wuraren da suka dace. Saboda ikonKa da hikimarKa, ka aiko musu da wannan Manzo. Sai Allah Ya karɓi addu’ar su, Ya aiko da wannan Manzo mai girma, wanda Allah Ya yi rahama ga zuriyarsu ta musamman ta dalilinsa, da sauran halittu baki ɗaya.

Saboda haka ne Annabi (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi) ya ce: “Ni ne addu’ar mahaifina Ibrahim.” Bayan Allah Ya ɗaukaka Ibrahim da wannan ɗaukaka mai girma, Ya kuma ba da labarin siffofinsa cikakku, sai Allah Maɗaukaki Ya ce:

Tafsirin Imām Ibn Kathir

Allah Maɗaukaki yana ba da labarin cikar addu’ar Ibrahim ga mutanen Harami, inda ya roƙi Allah Ya aiko musu da Manzo daga cikinsu, wato daga zuriyar Ibrahim. Wannan addu’ar da aka karɓa ta yi daidai da ƙaddarar Allah da ta riga ta kasance, cewa Muhammadu (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi) zai zama Manzo ga al’ummar da ba ta karatu da rubutu ba, da sauran al’ummomin da ba Larabawa ba, daga cikin mutane da aljanu.

Kamar yadda Imam Ahmad ya ce: Abdur-Rahman bn Mahdi ya ba mu labari, Mu’awiya bn Salih ya ba mu labari, daga Sa’id bn Suwayd al-Kalbi, daga Abdul-A‘la bn Hilal as-Sulami, daga al-Irbad bn Sariya, ya ce: Manzon Allah (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi) ya ce: “Lalle an rubuta ni a wurin Allah a matsayin Hatimin Annabawa, a lokacin da Adam yake kwance cikin yumɓunsa. Zan ba ku labarin farkon wannan al’amari: addu’ar mahaifina Ibrahim, busharar Isa gare ni, da mafarkin da mahaifiyata ta gani.”

Haka kuma Ibn Wahb, al-Layth da marubucinsa Abdullah bn Salih suka ruwaito shi daga Mu’awiya bn Salih; Abu Bakr bn Abi Maryam ma ya bi sawunsu, daga Sa’id bn Suwayd, da irin wannan isnadi. Imam Ahmad ya kuma ce: Abu an-Nadr ya ba mu labari, al-Faraj ya ba mu labari, Luqman bn Amir ya ba mu labari, ya ce: Na ji Abu Umama yana cewa: Na ce, “Ya Manzon Allah, yaya aka fara al’amarinka?” Sai ya ce: “Addu’ar mahaifina Ibrahim, busharar Isa gare ni, da kuma ganin mahaifiyata a mafarki cewa wani haske ya fito daga gare ta wanda ya haskaka manyan gidajen Sham.”

Ma’anar wannan ita ce Ibrahim ne farkon wanda ya sanar da mutane game da ambaton Annabi, ya kuma sa sunansa ya shahara a cikinsu. An ci gaba da ambatonsa a tsakanin mutane, sananne kuma mai yaɗuwa, har sai da Annabin ƙarshe daga cikin Annabawan Banu Isra’ila ta fuskar nasaba, wato Isa ɗan Maryam (عليه السلام), ya bayyana sunansa a fili. Ya tsaya yana yi wa Banu Isra’ila wa’azi, ya ce: “Lalle ni Manzon Allah ne zuwa gare ku, mai gaskata abin da yake gabana na Attaura, kuma mai yin bushara da wani Manzo da zai zo bayana, sunansa Ahmad.”

Saboda haka ne Annabi ya ce a cikin wannan hadisi: “Addu’ar mahaifina Ibrahim da busharar Isa ɗan Maryam.” Maganarsa: “Mahaifiyata ta ga a mafarki cewa wani haske ya fito daga gare ta wanda ya haskaka manyan gidajen Sham,” an ce mafarki ne da ta gani lokacin da take ɗauke da shi. Ta ba mutanenta labarinsa, sai labarin ya yaɗu ya kuma shahara a cikinsu, kuma hakan ya kasance shiri tun da wuri. Keɓance Sham da haskakawar wannan haske yana nuni da kafuwar addininsa da dawwamarsa a ƙasar Sham.

Saboda haka, a ƙarshen zamani Sham za ta zama mafaka ga Musulunci da mabiyansa, kuma Isa ɗan Maryam zai sauka a can, a gabashin minaret ɗin da take da fari a Dimashƙu. Saboda haka ne aka ruwaito a cikin Sahih Bukhari da Sahih Muslim: “Wata ƙungiya daga al’ummata za ta ci gaba da bayyana a kan gaskiya; masu barinsu da masu saɓa musu ba za su cutar da su ba, har umarnin Allah ya zo suna a haka.” A cikin Sahih Bukhari kuma an ce: “Su kuwa suna Sham.”

Abu Ja’afar ar-Razi ya ruwaito daga ar-Rabi‘ bn Anas, daga Abu al-‘Aliya, game da ayar nan: “Ya Ubangijinmu, ka aiko a cikinsu wani Manzo daga cikinsu,” ya ce: yana nufin al’ummar Muhammadu (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi). Sai aka ce masa: “An karɓi addu’arka, kuma wannan zai kasance a ƙarshen zamani.” Haka nan as-Suddi da Qatada suka ce. Maganar Allah Maɗaukaki: “Kuma yana karantar da su Littafi,” tana nufin Alƙur’ani.

“Da hikima,” tana nufin Sunnah; Hasan, Qatada, Muqatil bn Hayyan, Abu Malik da wasu sun faɗi haka. An kuma ce tana nufin fahimtar addini, kuma babu saɓani tsakanin waɗannan ma’anoni. “Kuma yana tsarkake su.” Ali bn Abi Talha ya ruwaito daga Ibn Abbas cewa ma’anarta ita ce biyayya ga Allah da tsarkake niyya gare Shi.

Muhammad bn Ishaq ya ce game da “kuma yana karantar da su Littafi da hikima”: yana koya musu alheri domin su aikata shi, da sharri domin su kiyaye shi; yana kuma sanar da su cewa Allah Ya yarda da su idan suka yi masa biyayya, suka yawaita yi masa biyayya, suka kuma guji abin da ba Ya so na saɓo. Maganar Allah: “Lalle Kai ne Mabuwayi, Mai hikima,” wato Mabuwayi ne, babu abin da zai gagare Shi, kuma Mai iko ne a kan komai. Mai hikima ne a ayyukansa da maganganunsa; Yana sanya abubuwa a wurarensu da suka dace bisa hikimarSa da adalcinSa. (As-Saff: 6).

Tafsirin al-Baghawi

“Ya Ubangijinmu, ka aiko a cikinsu,” wato a cikin al’ummar Musulmi daga zuriyar Ibrahim da Isma’il. An kuma ce: daga mutanen Makka. “Wani Manzo daga cikinsu,” wato Manzo ne da aka aiko; ana nufin Muhammadu (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi).

Sayyid Abu al-Qasim Ali bn Musa al-Musawi ya ba mu labari, ya ce: Abu Bakr Ahmad bn Muhammad bn Abbas al-Balkhi ya ba ni labari; Imam Abu Sulayman Hamad bn Muhammad bn Ibrahim al-Khattabi ya ba ni labari; Muhammad bn al-Makki ya ba ni labari; Ishaq bn Ibrahim ya ba ni labari; ɗan’uwan Ibn Wahb ya ba ni labari, daga baffansa, daga Mu’awiya, daga Salih, daga Sa’id bn Suwayd, daga Abdul-A‘la bn Hilal as-Sulami, daga al-Irbad bn Sariya, daga Manzon Allah (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi), ya ce: “An rubuta ni a wurin Allah a matsayin Hatimin Annabawa, a lokacin da Adam yake kwance cikin yumɓunsa.

Zan ba ku labarin farkon al’amarina: Ni ne addu’ar Ibrahim, busharar Isa, da mafarkin da mahaifiyata ta gani a lokacin da ta haife ni, cewa wani haske ya fito daga gare ta wanda manyan gidajen Sham suka haskaka da shi.” Abin da ake nufi da “addu’ar Ibrahim” ita ce wannan addu’arsa, domin ya roƙi a aiko da Manzo daga cikin zuriyar Isma’il. Ibn Abbas ya ce: “Dukan Annabawa daga Banu Isra’ila ne, ban da goma: Nuhu, Hud, Salih, Shu’aib, Lut, Ibrahim, Isma’il, Ishaq, Ya’qub da Muhammadu; tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare su baki ɗaya.” “Yatlu” yana nufin yana karantawa.

“Ayoyinka” yana nufin Littafinka, wato Alƙur’ani. Aya daga Alƙur’ani ita ce magana mai haɗe da juna har zuwa inda ta ƙare. An kuma ce: aya ita ce tarin haruffa; ana cewa, “Mutanen sun fita da ayatinsu,” wato tare da jama’arsu. “Kuma yana karantar da su Littafi” yana nufin Alƙur’ani.

“Da hikima.” Mujahid ya ce: “Fahimtar Alƙur’ani.” Muqatil ya ce: “Wa’azin Alƙur’ani da hukunce-hukuncen da ke cikinsa.” Ibn Qutayba ya ce: “Ilimi da aiki; mutum ba ya zama mai hikima har sai ya haɗa su biyun.” An kuma ce: ita ce Sunnah; an kuma ce: hukunce-hukunce da shari’a; an kuma ce: fikihu.

Abu Bakr bn Durayd ya ce: “Kowace magana da ta yi maka wa’azi, ko ta kira ka zuwa ga kyakkyawan aiki, ko ta hana ka aikata mummuna, hikima ce.” “Kuma yana tsarkake su,” wato yana tsarkake su daga shirka da zunubai. An kuma ce: yana karɓar zakka daga dukiyoyinsu. Ibn Kaysan ya ce: “Yana shaida musu a Ranar Alƙiyama da adalci idan suka shaida cewa Annabawa sun isar da saƙo; wannan kuwa daga ma’anar tsarkakewa ce, wato tabbatar da adalci.”

“Lalle Kai ne Mabuwayi, Mai hikima.” Ibn Abbas ya ce: “Mabuwayi shi ne Wanda babu kamarsa.” Al-Kalbi ya ce: “Mai ɗaukar fansa; hujjarsa ita ce maganar Allah Maɗaukaki: ‘Kuma Allah Mabuwayi ne, Mai ɗaukar fansa.’” An kuma ce: Mai ƙarfi ne, wanda hannaye ba sa iya kaiwa gare Shi, kuma babu abin da zai iya isa gare Shi.

An kuma ce: Mai ƙarfi; domin izza tana nufin ƙarfi. Allah Ya ce: “Sai Muka ƙarfafa su da na uku,” wato Muka ƙarfafa su. An kuma ce: Mai rinjaye, kamar yadda Allah Ya ba da labari: “Ya rinjaye ni a cikin magana,” wato ya yi galaba a kaina. Ana kuma cewa a karin magana: “Wanda ya rinjaya ya kwace,” wato wanda ya yi galaba yakan kwace abin da yake so. (Alu Imrana: 4; Ya Sin: 14; Sad: 23).