Khairka Adduun iyo Aakhiro

Tafsiirka Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan As-Sacdi

Markaas ayuu Eebbe korreeye ka warramay xaaladaha khalqiga, iyo in dhammaantood ay ka baryaan waxa ay u baahan yihiin, kana magan galaan waxa waxyeelleeya. Hase yeeshee, ujeeddooyinkoodu way kala duwan yihiin. Qaarkood waxay yidhaahdaan: “Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag” (رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا), taas oo ah inay Eebbe weydiistaan waxyaalaha adduunka ay damacaan, mana laha wax qayb ah Aakhiro, maadaama ay ka jeesteen, hamigooduna ku koobnaaday adduunka. Qaar kalena waxay Alle ka baryaan waxa dan u ah labada hoy, waxayna ugu baahan yihiin arrimaha muhiimka ah ee diintooda iyo adduunkooda.

Labadan kooxoodba waxay leeyihiin qayb ka mid ah waxay kasbadeen iyo camalkooda; Eebbe korreeyana wuxuu ku abaalmarin doonaa sida camalkooda, hamigooda iyo niyaddoodu yihiin, abaalmarin u dhexaysa caddaalad iyo fadli. Eebbe wuxuu mudan yahay in loogu mahadnaqo mahad ugu dhammaystiran uguna kaamilsan.

Aayaddani waxay daliil u tahay in Eebbe aqbalo ducada qof kasta oo baryaya, ha ahaado Muslim, gaal ama faasiq. Hase yeeshee, inuu aqbalo ducada qofka baryaya daliil uma aha inuu jecel yahay ama u dhow yahay, marka laga reebo marka la baryayo arrimaha Aakhiro iyo waxyaalaha muhiimka u ah diinta.

Wanaagga laga doonayo adduunka waxa ku jira wax kasta oo qofku u arko wax wanaagsan: rizqi macaan, ballaadhan oo xalaal ah; xaas wanaagsan; ubad ay indhuhu ku doogsadaan; raaxo; cilmi waxtar leh; camal wanaagsan; iyo waxyaalaha la midka ah ee la jecel yahay ee bannaan. Wanaagga Aakhiro waa ka nabadgelidda ciqaabta qabriga, goobta la isugu soo bixinayo iyo Naarta; helidda raalli ahaanshaha Eebbe; ku guulaysiga nicmada waarta; iyo u dhowaanshaha Rabbiga Naxariista badan. Sidaas darteed ducadan ayaa noqotay ducada ugu wada koobaysa khayrka uguna dhammaystiran, uguna mudan in la doorto. Taas awgeed ayuu Nabigu ﷺ ugu badin jiray ducadan, dadkana ugu boorrin jiray.

Tafsiirka Imaam Ibnu Kathiir

Wuxuu yidhi: “Qaar ka mid ahna waxay yidhaahdaan: Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta” (وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ). Ducadani waxay isu keentay khayr kasta oo adduunka jira, waxayna ka leexinaysaa shar kasta. Wanaagga adduunku waxa uu ka kooban yahay wax kasta oo adduunyo laga doonayo: caafimaad qab; guri ballaadhan; xaas wanaagsan; rizqi waasac ah; cilmi waxtar leh; camal suuban; gaadiid raaxo leh; ammaan iyo xus wanaagsan; iyo waxyaalo kale.

Waxyaalaha ay mufassiriintu ku fasireen isma khilaafaan, waayo dhammaantood waxay ku jiraan wanaagga adduunka.

Wanaagga Aakhiro waxa ugu sarreeya gelitaanka Jannada iyo waxyaalaha la socda, sida ka nabadgelidda argagaxa weyn ee goobaha la isugu soo bixinayo, xisaabta oo loo fududeeyo iyo arrimaha kale ee wanaagsan ee Aakhiro. Ka badbaadidda Naartuna waxay ku xidhan tahay in adduunka loo fududeeyo sababaha badbaadada: ka fogaanshaha xaaraanta iyo dembiyada, iyo ka tegidda waxyaalaha shaki ku jiro iyo xaaraanta.

Al-Qaasim bin Cabdiraxmaan wuxuu yidhi: “Qofkii la siiyo qalbi mahadnaq badan, carrab Eebbe xusa iyo jidh samir badan, waxaa la siiyey wanaag adduunka iyo wanaag Aakhiro, waxaana laga badbaadiyey cadaabka Naarta.” Sidaas awgeed, Sunnadu waxay dadka ku dhiirrigelisay ducadan.

Al-Bukhaari wuxuu yidhi: Abuu Macmar ayaa noo warramay, wuxuuna yidhi: Cabdulwaarith ayaa noo warramay, isaga oo ka werinaya Cabdulcasiis, kaas oo ka weriyey Anas bin Maalik inuu yidhi: Nabigu ﷺ wuxuu odhan jiray: “Allaahow, Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta.”

Imaam Axmedna wuxuu yidhi: Ismaaciil bin Ibraahiim ayaa noo warramay, wuxuuna yidhi: Cabdulcasiis bin Suhayb ayaa noo warramay, isaga oo ka werinaya Anas inuu yidhi: Ducada uu Rasuulka Alle ﷺ ugu badnaa waxay ahayd: “Allaahow, Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta.”

Ibnu Abii Xaatim wuxuu yidhi: Aabbahay ayaa noo warramay, Abuu Nucaymna wuu noo warramay, wuxuuna ka weriyey Cabdussalaam bin Shaddaad, oo loo yaqaan Abuu Daalut, inuu yidhi: Waxaan la joogay Anas bin Maalik. Thaabit ayaa ku yidhi: “Walaalahaa waxay jecel yihiin inaad u ducayso.” Markaasuu yidhi: “Allaahow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta.” Muddo ayay sheekaysteen.

Markay damceen inay baxaan ayuu yidhi: “Abuu Xamzaay, walaalahaa waxay rabaan inay baxaan ee u ducee.” Wuxuu yidhi: “Ma waxaad doonaysaan inaan arrimaha idiin kala faahfaahiyo? Haddii Eebbe adduunka idinku siiyo wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag idinku siiyo, idinkana badbaadiyo cadaabka Naarta, wuxuu idiin siiyey khayrka oo dhan.”

Axmed wuxuu kaloo yidhi: Muxammad bin Abii Cadiy ayaa noo warramay, isaga oo ka werinaya Xumayd, kaas oo ka weriyey Anas: Rasuulka Alle ﷺ wuxuu booqday nin Muslim ah oo jirkiisu noqday sida shinbir yar. Rasuulka Alle ﷺ ayaa ku yidhi: “Ma wax baad Alle ka baryi jirtay ama wax baad weydiisan jirtay?” Wuxuu yidhi: “Haa. Waxaan odhan jiray: Allaahow, ciqaab kasta oo aad Aakhiro igu ciqaabi lahayd, adduunka iigu soo dedeji.”

Rasuulka Alle ﷺ wuxuu yidhi: “Subxaanallaah! Adigu uma adkaysan kartid, mana xamili kartid. Maxaad u odhan wayday: ‘Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta’ (رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ)?” Markaasuu Alle baryay, wuuna bogsiiyey.

Muslim ayaa keligiis weriyey, isaga oo ku soo weriyey silsiladda Ibnu Abii Cadiy.

Imaam Shaafici wuxuu yidhi: Saciid bin Saalim Al-Qaddaax ayaa nooga warramay, isaga oo ka werinaya Ibnu Jurayj, kaas oo ka weriyey Yaxyaa bin Cubayd, oo ahaa mawla xulafada Al-Saa’ib, isaga oo ka werinaya aabbihii, Cabdullaah bin Al-Saa’ib, inuu maqlay Nabiga ﷺ oo odhanaya, inta u dhexaysa Rukniga Yamaani iyo Rukniga Madow: “Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta.” Al-Thawri ayaa sidaas oo kale ka weriyey Ibnu Jurayj. Ibnu Maajahna wuxuu Abuu Hurayrah ka weriyey wax la mid ah Nabiga ﷺ, balse silsiladdeeda werintu way daciif tahay, Eebbana og.

Ibnu Mardawayh wuxuu yidhi: Cabdulbaaqi ayaa noo warramay, isaga oo noo sheegay inuu ka maqlay Axmed bin Al-Qaasim bin Musaawir; Saciid bin Sulaymaan ayaana noo warramay, isaga oo ka werinaya Ibraahiim bin Sulaymaan, kaas oo ka weriyey Cabdullaah bin Hurmuz, kaas oo ka weriyey Mujaahid, kaas oo ka weriyey Ibnu Cabbaas inuu yidhi: Rasuulka Alle ﷺ wuxuu yidhi: “Mar kasta oo aan ag maro Rukniga, waxaan ku arkaa malag leh: ‘Aamiin.’

Marka aad ag martaan, idinkuna dhaha: ‘Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta’ (رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ).” Anasna, markuu doonayo inuu duco Alle ku baryo, ducadan ayuu ku baryi jiray; markuu doonayo inuu duco kale ku duceeyana, ducadaas ayuu ku dari jiray. Cabdullaah bin Bakar Al-Sahmiy ayaa noo warramay, isaga oo ka werinaya Xumayd.

Tafsiirka Al-Baqawi

“Qaar ka mid ahna waxay yidhaahdaan: Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta” (وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ), waxa loola jeedaa mu’miniinta. Culimadu way ku kala aragti duwan yihiin macnaha labada wanaag.

Cali bin Abii Daalib رضي الله عنه wuxuu yidhi: Wanaagga adduunku waa xaas wanaagsan, wanaagga Aakhirana waa Jannada.

Waxaa noo warramay Abul-Qaasim Cabdullaah bin Muxammad Al-Xaniifi, isaga oo yidhi: Abul-Xasan Muxammad bin Yacquub Al-Duusi ayaa noo warramay, Abuu Bakar Axmed bin Yuusuf bin Khallaadna wuu noo warramay, Al-Xaarith bin Abii Usaamahna wuu noo warramay, Abuu Cabdiraxmaan Al-Muqri ayaa noo warramay, Xaywah iyo Ibnu Lahii’ahna way noo warrameen, waxayna noo sheegeen in Shurayxil bin Shariik uu u sheegay inuu ka maqlay Abuu Cabdiraxmaan Al-Xubli oo ka warramaya Cabdullaah bin Camr bin Al-Caas رضي الله عنه, kana werinaya Rasuulka Alle ﷺ inuu yidhi: “Adduunka oo dhan waa raaxo ku meel gaadh ah, raaxadiisa ugu wanaagsanina waa haweeney suubban.”

Al-Xasan wuxuu yidhi: Wanaagga adduunku waa cilmi iyo cibaado, wanaagga Aakhirana waa Jannada. Al-Suddi iyo Ibnu Xibaan waxay yidhaahdeen: “Wanaagga adduunka” waa rizqi xalaal ah iyo camal wanaagsan; “wanaagga Aakhirana” waa dembi-dhaaf iyo ajar.

Waxaa noo warramay Abuu Bakar Muxammad bin Cabdullaah bin Abii Tawbah, Abuu Daahir Muxammad bin Axmed bin Al-Xaarithna wuu noo warramay, Abul-Xasan Muxammad bin Yacquub Al-Kisaa’ina wuu noo warramay, Cabdullaah bin Maxmuudna wuu noo warramay, Ibraahiim bin Cabdullaah Al-Khallaalna wuu noo warramay, isagoo yidhi: Cabdullaah bin Al-Mubaarak ayaa noo sheegay, Yaxyaa bin Ayuubna wuxuu ii sheegay, Cbaydullaah bin Zaxrna wuxuu ii sheegay, Cali bin Yaziidna wuxuu ka weriyey Al-Qaasim Abuu Cabdiraxmaan, isaga oo ka werinaya Abuu Umaamah, kaas oo ka weriyey Nabiga ﷺ inuu yidhi:

“Kuwa awliyadayda ah ee aan ugu hinaaso waa mu’min fudud oo nolol yar, salaadda qayb ku leh, Rabbigiisana si wanaagsan u caabuda oo qarsoodi ahaan u adeeca; dadka dhexdoodana aan la aqoon oo aan faraha lagu fiiqin; rizqigiisuna ku filan yahay, taasna ku sabra.” Markaas ayuu gacantiisa ruxay oo yidhi: “Geeridiisu way soo degdegtaa; kuwa u ooyana way yar yihiin, dhaxalkiisuna wuu yar yahay.”

Qataadah wuxuu yidhi: Wanaagga adduunku waa caafimaad qab, wanaagga Aakhirana waa caafimaad qab. Cawf wuxuu aayaddan ku yidhi: Qofkii Eebbe siiyo Islaamka, Qur’aanka, ehel iyo maal, waxaa la siiyey wanaag adduunka iyo wanaag Aakhiro.

Waxaa noo warramay Sheekh Abul-Qaasim Cabdullaah bin Cali Al-Karkaani Al-Duusi, Abuu Daahir Muxammad bin Maxmash Al-Ziyaadi ayaana noo warramay, Abul-Fadl Cabdaws bin Al-Xusayn bin Mansuur Al-Simsaari ayaana noo warramay, Abuu Xaatim Muxammad bin Idriis Al-Xanzali Al-Raazi ayaana noo warramay, Muxammad bin Cabdullaah Al-Ansaari ayaana noo warramay, Xumayd Al-Dawiil ayaana noo warramay, isaga oo ka werinaya Thaabit Al-Buna in Anas bin Maalik رضي الله عنه uu yidhi: Rasuulka Alle ﷺ wuxuu arkay nin jirkiisu noqday sida shinbir yar. Wuxuu ku yidhi: “Ma wax baad Alle ka baryi jirtay ama wax baad weydiisan jirtay?”

Ninkii wuxuu yidhi: “Rasuulka Alleyeey, waxaan odhan jiray: Allaahow, ciqaab kasta oo aad Aakhiro igu ciqaabi lahayd, adduunka iigu soo dedeji.” Wuxuu yidhi: “Subxaanallaah! Markaas ma awoodi kartid, mana xamili kartid. Maxaad u odhan wayday: ‘Allaahow, Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta’?”

Waxaa noo warramay Abul-Xasan Muxammad bin Muxammad Al-Sarkhasi, Abul-Xasan Axmed bin Muxammad bin Abii Isxaaq Al-Xajjaaji ayaana noo warramay, Abul-Cabbaas Muxammad bin Cabdiraxmaan Al-Daghuuli ayaana noo warramay, Muxammad bin Mishkaan ayaana noo warramay, Abuu Daawuudna wuu noo warramay, wuxuuna ka weriyey Shucbah, kaas oo ka weriyey Thaabit, kaas oo ka weriyey Anas inuu yidhi: Rasuulka Alle ﷺ wuxuu ku badin jiray inuu yidhaahdo: “Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta.”

Waxaa noo warramay Cabdulwahaab bin Muxammad Al-Kisaa’i, Cabdulcasiiz bin Axmed Al-Khallaalna wuu noo warramay, Abul-Cabbaas Al-Asam ayaana noo warramay, Al-Rabii’ bin Sulaymaan ayaana noo warramay, isagoo yidhi: Al-Shaafici ayaa noo warramay, Saciid bin Saalim Al-Qaddaaxna wuu noo warramay, isaga oo ka werinaya Ibnu Jurayj, kaas oo ka weriyey Yaxyaa bin Cubayd, oo ahaa mawla xulafada Al-Saa’ib, isaga oo ka werinaya aabbihii Cabdullaah bin Al-Saa’ib inuu maqlay Nabiga ﷺ oo odhanaya, inta u dhexaysa Rukniga Banii Jumax iyo Rukniga Madow: “Rabbiyow, adduunka nagu sii wanaag, Aakhirana wanaag nagu sii, nagana badbaadi cadaabka Naarta.”